International guidelines have been formulated to protect the rights of trial subjects. These include the Nuremberg principles, the Declaration of Helsinki and the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) International Guidelines for Biomedical Research.1 However, trial sponsors do not always adhere to these guidelines and, in many cases, the bodies charged with overseeing and implementing these guidelines in developing countries, such as regulatory agencies and ethics committees, do not function properly.
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